Additional Ideas for Developing Investigations and Learning Experiences and Suggested Extensions to Learning in Technology/Engineering are in Appendix III.
| 2.1 | Trace the development of atomic theory and the structure of the atom from the ancient Greeks to the present (Dalton, Thompson, Rutherford, Bohr, and modern theory). |
| 2.2 | Interpret Dalton's atomic theory in terms of the Laws of Conservation of Mass, Constant Composition, and Multiple Proportions. |
| 2.3 | Identify the major components of the nuclear atom (protons, neutrons, and electrons) and explain how they interact.* |
| 2.4 | Understand that matter has properties of both particles and waves. |
| 2.5 | Using Bohr's model of the atom interpret changes (emission/absorption) in electron energies in the hydrogen atom corresponding to emission transitions between quantum levels. |
| 2.6 | Describe the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of wavelength and energy; identify regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. |
| 2.7 | Write the electron configurations for elements in the first three rows of the periodic table. |
| 2.8 | Describe alpha, beta, and gamma particles; discuss the properties of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation; and write balanced nuclear reactions. |
| 2.9 | Compare nuclear fission and nuclear fusion and mass defect.* |
| 2.10 | Describe the process of radioactive decay as the spontaneous breakdown of certain unstable elements (radioactive) into new elements (radioactive or not) through the spontaneous emission by the nucleus of alpha or beta particles. Explain the difference between stable and unstable isotopes. |
| 2.11 | Explain the concept of half-life of a radioactive element, e.g., explain why the half-life of C14 has made carbon dating a powerful tool in determining the age of very old objects. |
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