[Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS) Logo]

Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System
Grade 8 Mathematics Reference Sheet

PERIMETER FORMULAS 
square . . . . . . . . . . .[P equals 4s]
rectangle . . . . . . . . .[P equals 2b plus 2h or P equals 2l plus 2w]
triangle . . . . . . . . . .[P equals a plus b plus c]

AREA FORMULAS 
square . . . . . . . . . . .[A equals s squared]
rectangle . . . . . . . . .[A equals bh or A equals lw]
parallelogram . . . . .[A equals bh]
triangle . . . . . . . . . .[A equals one half bh]
trapezoid . . . . . . . . .[A equals one half h(b subscript 1 plus b subscript 2)]
circle . . . . . . . . . . . .[A equals pi sign r squared]

TOTAL SURFACE AREA FORMULAS 
rectangular prism . .[SA equals 2(lw) plus 2(hw) plus 2(lh)]
cylinder . . . . . . . . . .[SA equals 2 pi sign r squared plus 2 pi sign rh]
sphere . . . . . . . . . . .[SA equals 4 pi sign r squared]

VOLUME FORMULAS
rectangular prism. . . . . . .[V equals lwh or V equals Bh
(B equals area of a base)]
cube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [V equals s cubed (s equals length of an edge)]
cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . .[V equals pi sign r squared h]
sphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . [V equals four thirds pi sign r cubed]

CIRCLE FORMULAS 
[C equals 2 pi sign r or C equals pi sign d]
[A equals pi sign r squared]

PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM
[right triangle showing the Pythagorean Theorem]
[a squared plus b squared equals c squared]