[Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education logo] Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System Grade 7 Mathematics Reference Sheet CONVERSIONS 1 cup equals 8 fluid ounces 1 pint equals 2 cups 1 quart equals 2 pints 1 gallon equals 4 quarts 1 gallon is approximately equal to 3.785 liters 1 liter is approximately equal to 0.264 gallon 1 liter equals 1000 cubic centimeters 1 inch equals 2.54 centimeters 1 meter is approximately equal to 39.37 inches 1 mile equals 5280 feet 1 mile equals 1760 yards 1 mile is approximately equal to 1.609 kilometers 1 kilometer is approximately equal to 0.62 mile 1 pound equals 16 ounces 1 pound is approximately equal to 0.454 kilogram 1 kilogram is approximately equal to 2.2 pounds 1 ton equals 2000 pounds AREA (A) FORMULAS square . . . . . . . . . . . A equals s squared rectangle . . . . . . . . . A equals bh OR A equals lw parallelogram . . . . .A equals bh triangle . . . . . . . . . .A equals one half bh trapezoid . . . . A equals one half h (b1 plus b2) circle. . . . . . . . . . . .A equals pi r squared CIRCLE FORMULAS area . . . . . . . . . . . . .A equals pi r squared circumference. . . . . C equals two pi r OR C equals pi d VOLUME (V) FORMULAS cube . . . .V equals s cubed (s = length of an edge) right prism . . . V equals Bh TOTAL SURFACE AREA (SA) FORMULAS Right rectangular prism . . . .SA equals 2(lw) plus 2 (hw) plus 2(lh) sphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SA equals four pi r squared