[Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education Logo] Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System Grade 10 Mathematics Reference Sheet AREA FORMULAS square..................... A = s^2 rectangle ................. A = bh parallelogram ......... A = bh triangle ................... A = [one-half] bh trapezoid ................. A = [one-half] h(b[1] + b[2]) circle ....................... A = pi r^2 LATERAL SURFACE AREA FORMULAS right rectangular prism .......... LA=2(hw)+2(lh) right circular cylinder ........... LA=2pi rh right circular cone ................. LA=pi r slant height (slant height = slant height) right square pyramid ............. LA=2s slant height (slant height = slant height) TOTAL SURFACE AREA FORMULAS cube ....................................... SA=6s^2 right rectangular prism ......... SA=2(lw)+2(hw)+2(lh) sphere .................................... SA=4 pi r^2 right circular cylinder ........... SA=2pi r^2+2pi rh right circular cone ................. SA=pi r^2+pi r slant height (slant height = slant height) right square pyramid ............. SA=s^2+2s slant height (slant height = slant height) VOLUME FORMULAS cube..........................................V = s^3 (s = length of an edge) right rectangular prism.............V = lwh OR V = Bh (B = area of a base) sphere.......................................V = [four-thirds] pi r^3 right circular cylinder ..............V = pi r^2h right circular cone....................V = [one-third] pi r^2h right square pyramid................V = [one-third] s^2h CIRCLE FORMULAS C = 2pi r A = pi r^2 SPECIAL RIGHT TRIANGLES [Special right triangle with 45 degrees at one corner and 45 degrees at another corner, x labeled on left and bottom sides and x square root of 2 on slant] [Special right triangle with 60 degrees at one corner and 30 degrees at another corner, y labeled on left side, y square root of 3 on bottom and 2y on slant]