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Curriculum refers to the knowledge and skills students are expected to learn, which includes the learning standards they are expected to meet; the units and lessons that teachers teach; the assignments and projects given to students; the books, materials, videos, presentations, and readings used in a course; and the tests, assessments, and other methods used to evaluate student learning. (Definition adapted from the Glossary of Education Reform.)
Curricula often include the following components, among others:
A scope and sequence is a major piece of curriculum, but not the curriculum itself. A curriculum includes everything that is part of the plan for instruction, including a scope and sequence, instructional units, lesson plans, resources, teaching strategies, and more. As an overview, a scope and sequence is often divided into manageable chunks of instruction, or units, and describes how these units build over time to provide students the college and career readiness skills and knowledge they need.
A scope and sequence provides an overview of the plan for instruction and a format for seeing the "big picture" of a detailed curriculum. A scope and sequence:
A scope and sequence can give information to teachers in two ways:
The scope and sequence templates for Math, ESOL, and ELA are located on the ACLS Curriculum and Instruction Resources web page. The templates are optional to use.
Compared to the "year at a glance" function of the scope and sequence, instructional units go into greater depth to guide the teacher in the specific skills and content knowledge to be developed. In the unit, teachers drill down into the specifics of the unit goal and outcomes, list the level-specific (or benchmarks) addressed from either the CCRSAE or the Massachusetts English Language Proficiency Standards for Adult Education that support those outcomes, and the culminating assessment for the unit. Teachers also flesh out the vocabulary to be learned and all of the texts or resources to be used. All of this information is provided in the unit plan to describe a suggested sequence or outline of lessons that guides teachers when writing lessons for their students.
For example, in the area of assessment, the assessment of priority level-specific standards (or benchmarks) might be only generally sketched out in the scope and sequence as to what task students will complete. In the unit plan, however, the assessment section goes into more detail about the specific ways students will demonstrate their learning, as well as exactly where teachers will place the various formative assessments within the sequence of lessons.
Unit plans are a valuable teacher resource. Having a completed unit plan reduces planning time for lessons, ensures that all lessons are contributing to student outcomes, and ensures that all the lesson activities and tasks fit together into a cohesive whole.
The instructional unit plan templates for Math, ESOL, and ELA are located on the ACLS Curriculum and Instruction Resources web page. These templates are optional to use.
When developing lessons, teachers pull everything together that has been thought through in the unit plan for meeting the varied instructional needs of their students. Teachers reference the unit plan often when writing their lesson plans, and benefit from the thinking that already went into what and how students will learn. Sample lesson plans provide further guidance for teachers as they develop lessons for their own students.
The lesson plan templates for Math, ESOL, and ELA are located on the ACLS Curriculum and Instruction Resources web page. These templates are optional to use.
The curriculum development process consists of four tasks:
Curriculum development doesn't have to be a linear process. Some curriculum developers may find that they want to first flesh out the unit plans by identifying the unit goal and outcomes, objectives, alignment with priority standards, and culminating assessment before being able to lay out a scope and sequence for the year. This method, also referred to as "backward design," is explained more in Grant Wiggins' and Jay McTighe's book, Understanding by Design, published by ASCD. Another excellent resource is the small but pithy book, Solving 25 Problems in Unit Design, by Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins, published by ASCD in 2015.
Questions? Please contact Dana Varzan-Parker , Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment Specialist in ACLS.
Last Updated: September 26, 2025