The Department of Elementary and Secondary Education regularly receives inquiries from the public and school districts on the topic of "extended school year" (ESY) programs for children with special needs. ESY programs are described under state and federal special education requirements and have been further interpreted through case law and through advisories issued by the U. S. Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP).
The following questions and answers are intended to provide school districts with an overview of the basic requirements for ESY programs as they proceed to implement these opportunities for children with special needs in Massachusetts.
All children "regress"--lose progress, forget, revert to previous behavior--to some extent between school years. It must be determined whether a child's regression would likely be substantial, and whether the child would require a greater than usual time to "recoup"--to get back to the level the child had achieved before a break in service.
ESY programs are not "summer school"; therefore, school districts cannot categorically refuse to consider ESY programs because districts do not offer "summer school" to all children.
At least once annually the child's Team must consider the need for an extended school year program and record its determination on page 6 of the IEP. A Team's determination regarding the need for an ESY program must be made on an individual basis.
No. The child's Team must not put off a determination to offer ESY programming until the end of a break in service (i.e., summer vacation). The Team must consider the need for such services prior to the beginning of the break in service by anticipating whether substantial regression and problems with recoupment will occur in the absence of ESY services. ESY programs should be a continuation of the education benefits that accrue to a child during the regular school year and should be consistent with the child's IEP goals and objectives addressed throughout the regular school year; however, they don't necessarily have to be the same services delivered at the same frequency as provided during the regular school year.
ESY programs may not be limited to children with special needs in certain program types (e.g., substantially separate settings) or to children with certain types of special needs. Decisions about ESY programs must be made on an individual basis, taking into consideration the unique needs of the child.
Yes.
Federal special education regulations under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) do provide for "recreation programs" as related services. Therefore, an ESY program may consist of, or include, a recreation program. As with all special education services, educational goal(s) and objectives for a recreation program must be included in a child's IEP. Note, however, that state special education regulations indicate that camping or recreation programs provided solely for recreational purposes and with no corresponding IEP goals or specially designed instruction shall not be considered extended year programs.
The Department of Elementary and Secondary Education interprets a child's difficulties with "recoupment" to be an aspect of "significant regression". Specifically, significant regression and recoupment consist of the following inter-related elements:
(1) the loss of performance levels that were attained before a break in service,
(2) the child's limited learning rate, which lengthens the amount of time the child requires to review and/or relearn previously attained objectives, and
(3) the fact that the time for that child to accomplish such recoupment is greater than the period of time the school district allows all other children for review and/or relearning.
Any decision regarding needed ESY programming must take into account the child's history of significant regression and limited recoupment capability. In other words, a child's Team must look backward and forward when considering the need for ESY programming.
In addition to significant regression and/or limited recoupment, courts have set forth other ESY criteria to be applied by a Team, as follows:
Only when all factors are considered together by the child's Team can a determination be made as to how much service will be offered.
When there is no previous record of a child's substantial regression after a significant break in service, a Team should still consider the need for an ESY program if the following circumstances are present:
there is lack of progress in meeting short-term objectives over two marking periods, resulting in little or no progress made over the school year,
there are significant regression/recoupment problems over short-term vacation periods or other breaks in the school year, and /or
the unique nature of any specially designed instruction or related services due to the disability of the student requires such extended school year programming.
Since proposed ESY programming must take into account the probability of substantial regression, school districts should ensure that special education service providers maintain quantitative and qualitative data regarding the child, including anecdotal records on the rates of both learning and relearning, as well as a child's attainment of IEP goals and objectives.
ESY programs may include special education and/or related services and must be specified on the IEP. Since ESY services are proposed in order to avoid substantial regression, the portion of the child's IEP for ESY services may differ somewhat from the portion of the IEP that governs the provision of services for the regular school year. Such differences may be separately described on an additional IEP service delivery grid that specifically outlines the proposed extended school year services and their duration and frequency. The U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, has indicated:
It is . . . reasonable for an extended school year IEP to concentrate on:(1) the areas in which the child may experience regression, or (2) skills or programs that are not academic but are needed so that regression does not occur in academics. (Citation omitted) Myers, EHLR 213:255
Yes. As in regular school year placements, the principles of LRE apply to the provision of ESY services. (OSEP policy letter, December 18, 1989)
Parents and school personnel should contact the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, Problem Resolution System Office (781-338-3700), if further clarification is needed on the topic of Extended School Year Programs.
Last Updated: June 28, 2019
Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education 135 Santilli Highway, Everett, MA 02149
Voice: (781) 338-3000 TTY: (800) 439-2370
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